James Whitney

Starting your own farm is a big dream that many people carry, but turning that dream into reality takes solid planning and realistic thinking. Oregon offers some of the best farming conditions in the country. The state's access to water resources, fertile soils, and strong local food markets makes it an attractive place for new farmers to get started. Before you jump into buying land or equipment, you need to think about what type of farming matches your goals and budget. Are you planning a small hobby farm to grow food for your family, or do you want to build a business that generates income? Your answer will shape every decision you make, from how much land you need to what type of infrastructure you'll build. Oregon's farmers' markets serve communities all over the state, with over 136 market locations providing opportunities for direct sales. Whitney Land Company offers listings of Oregon farms for sale that work for homesteads, small-scale farms, and full commercial operations, helping match buyers with properties that fit their farming vision. Choose the Type of Farm That Suits Oregon's Climate Oregon's climate zones range from 5a through 10a, representing everything from chilly highlands to mild, subtropical regions. This range allows for a broad spectrum of farming. Your location within the state will largely determine what you can grow successfully and what type of operation makes the most sense. Livestock farming works well across most of Oregon, with cattle ranching particularly strong in eastern regions where there's plenty of grazing land. Goats and poultry can thrive in smaller spaces and adapt to different climates throughout the state. Produce farming thrives in the Willamette Valley, where berries, wine grapes, and hazelnuts grow well in the moderate climate. Eastern Oregon suits grain crops and hay production better than fresh vegetables. Niche farming can work almost anywhere if you pick the right specialty crop for your microclimate. Lavender does well in southern Oregon, while herb production and beekeeping can succeed in many locations with proper management. Land Considerations in Oregon: Zoning, Soil, and Water Oregon's Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zoning protects agricultural land but also creates specific rules about what you can and cannot do on farm property. EFU zones allow farming activities, farm buildings, and one dwelling per property, but they restrict other types of development. Soil quality varies dramatically across Oregon, so testing your land is not optional. The USDA soil maps and Oregon State University Extension provide detailed information about soil types, drainage, and fertility in different areas. Eastern Oregon faces particular challenges with water rights, as this is a major concern in the drier parts of the state. You need to verify that water rights come with any property you are considering, and understand how much water you are legally allowed to use. Road access, slope, and utility availability also affect what you can do with your land and how much it will cost to develop. Create a Basic Farm Business Plan Developing a simple business plan allows you to assess the economic viability of your farming concept and informs your early decision-making. Start with these steps: Calculate startup costs including land, equipment, fencing, buildings, and your first year's operating expenses. Research market prices for what you plan to grow or raise, and be realistic about what you can produce in your first few years. Budget for unexpected expenses because farming always costs more than you think it will. Look into Oregon-based funding like USDA Beginning Farmer Loans which provide direct and guaranteed loans to new farmers who cannot get commercial financing. Farm ownership loans may be available for amounts up to $600,000, with operating loans available up to $300,000. Consider microloan options which have streamlined applications and loan amounts up to $50,000. Registering and Licensing Your Oregon Farm Getting your farm legally established involves several steps: Choose your business structure such as sole proprietorship, partnership, or LLC based on your liability concerns and tax situation. Get a federal EIN number from the IRS for tax purposes. Register for an Oregon Business ID through the Secretary of State's office. Register with the Oregon Department of Agriculture if you plan to sell produce, dairy, or meat products. Check local permits for any buildings, wells, or septic systems you plan to install. Look into organic certification if that is part of your business plan.   Build Infrastructure and Choose Equipment Based on Oregon Terrain Oregon's varied landscape means your infrastructure needs will depend heavily on your specific location and terrain. Steep slopes require different equipment than flat fields, and irrigation needs vary dramatically between western and eastern Oregon. Start with the basics like proper fencing for your livestock or storage buildings for equipment and feed. Central Oregon’s high desert climate presents unique challenges, including limited irrigation resources and shorter growing seasons. In contrast, coastal areas contend with excess moisture and salt-laden air. Equipment should be sized appropriately for your land, and used gear can help keep initial costs down. A small tractor can perform many essential tasks on a starter farm, but be sure that parts and service are readily available in your area. Start Small, Sell Local Oregon has a thriving local food movement with farmers’ markets in communities across the state. Building relationships with local customers often provides more stable income than trying to sell to large distributors, especially in the early phases of operation. Many Oregon farmers build successful businesses through farmers’ markets, Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs, and direct sales to restaurants. Over 90 Oregon markets accept Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, making fresh local food accessible to families at all income levels. This expanded customer base can help stabilize your income while you are building your operation. Whitney Land Company can help you find property in areas with strong local food networks, giving your new farm the best chance to connect with customers who value locally grown products. Focus on growing what people in your area truly want to buy, and remember that consistent quality is more important than having the largest selection when you’re just getting started.

The Journey of Wolves Back to Oregon Gray wolves once roamed freely across Oregon's diverse landscapes, from the dense forests of the Cascades to the open grasslands of the east. These apex predators played a vital role in maintaining healthy ecosystems throughout the state. However, by 1947, the last known wolf in Oregon was killed, marking what many thought would be the permanent end of wolves in the state. Nature had other plans. After decades of absence, wolves began their quiet return to Oregon in the late 1990s, crossing over from Idaho, where wolf reintroduction efforts had been successful. The first confirmed wolf in modern Oregon history, a female wolf designated B-45, traveled from Idaho in 1999. Though this lone wolf was later killed, she represented the beginning of a remarkable comeback story. The true turning point came in 2008 when the first breeding pair established territory in northeastern Oregon, and by 2009, the first confirmed pack was documented. This natural migration and reestablishment happened without any direct reintroduction efforts in Oregon itself. Oregon's Wolf Population Today According to the latest data from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), the minimum count of wolves in Oregon at the end of 2024 was 204. This number represents wolves that biologists have directly confirmed through visual observations, tracks, and remote camera photographs. The actual population is likely higher since not all wolves can be documented during counts. The state currently has 25 wolf packs, with 17 of these qualifying as breeding pairs. A breeding pair is defined as an adult male and female with at least two pups that survive through the end of the year. Most of these packs are concentrated in northeastern Oregon, though wolves continue to expand their range westward. Wolf numbers in Oregon have stabilized in recent years after a period of steady growth. In northeastern Oregon, this stabilization reflects wolves filling the available habitat. As territorial animals, wolves naturally limit their own population density once they have occupied suitable areas. Wolf Distribution Across Oregon Oregon's wolf population is divided into two management zones: Eastern Oregon Eastern Oregon currently hosts the majority of the state's wolves, with 155 documented wolves in 18 packs in 2024. The rugged terrain, abundant prey, and relatively lower human density make this region an ideal wolf habitat. Established packs in this area include the Wildcat Pack, Lookout Mountain Pack, and Five Points Pack. Western Oregon Western Oregon is seeing a growing wolf presence with 49 wolves in 7 packs documented in 2024. The number of breeding pairs has more than doubled since 2023, showing that wolves are successfully expanding into new territories. Notable western packs include the Rogue Pack in southern Oregon and the Indigo Pack in the central Cascades. The Ecological Role of Wolves Wolves serve as a keystone species in Oregon's ecosystems, meaning their presence or absence has significant ripple effects throughout the environment. When wolves hunt, they typically target the most vulnerable animals (the sick, weak, old, or very young) which helps maintain healthier deer and elk herds. The presence of wolves changes prey behavior, causing deer and elk to move more frequently and avoid certain areas. This movement prevents overgrazing and allows vegetation to recover in riparian areas, which improves habitat for beaver, fish, and numerous bird species. Scientists have documented how wolf reestablishment creates what's called a "trophic cascade," a series of ecological changes starting at the top of the food chain and flowing down through the ecosystem. In Oregon, this means more balanced predator-prey relationships and potentially more diverse plant communities. Human-Wolf Interactions in Oregon While wolves bring ecological benefits, their return has created challenges, particularly for livestock producers. According to ODFW data, 2024 saw several confirmed wolf depredations on livestock across multiple counties, including Baker, Grant, and Wallowa. Oregon has developed approaches to address these conflicts: Non-lethal deterrents are the first line of defense, including increased human presence, fladry (flags hanging on fences), range riders, guard animals, and proper carcass disposal to avoid attracting wolves. Compensation programs provide financial reimbursement to ranchers who lose livestock to confirmed wolf predation. The Oregon Department of Agriculture awarded grants totaling $789,565 to 13 counties in 2024, with 61% of those funds used for preventative measures. Lethal control is authorized only in specific situations where chronic depredation occurs despite non-lethal efforts. This approach is more restrictive in western Oregon where wolves remain federally protected under the Endangered Species Act. Oregon's Wolf Management Plan Oregon manages its wolf population through the Wolf Conservation and Management Plan, which aims to balance wolf conservation with the concerns of communities and industries affected by wolves. The plan divides the state into two management zones, with different rules based on wolf population status. Eastern Oregon has moved into Phase III of the plan, which focuses on conservation efforts and allows more flexibility for managing wolf conflicts. Western Oregon remains in Phase I, requiring at least four breeding pairs for three consecutive years to advance to Phase II. In 2024, seven wolf packs in the western zone qualified as breeding pairs. If this number is maintained or exceeded through both 2025 and 2026, the region will meet the conservation target for Phase I and the management goal for Phase II. This would allow the West Wolf Management Zone to advance directly to Phase III, bypassing Phase II entirely. Living and Recreating in Wolf Country For landowners and outdoor enthusiasts in Oregon, understanding wolf behavior is important. Contrary to popular misconception, wolves rarely pose a danger to humans. There have been no documented wolf attacks on people in Oregon since wolves returned to the state. If you are looking to purchase Oregon hunting land for sale in wolf territory, here are some practical considerations: For livestock owners: Using guard dogs, maintaining regular human presence, properly disposing of dead livestock, and installing fladry or other deterrents can significantly reduce conflicts. For hunters: Wolves target similar game animals as human hunters, but their overall impact on deer and elk populations tends to be balanced by improved herd health. Wolves may change prey distribution patterns, potentially affecting traditional hunting spots. For hikers and campers: Wolf encounters are extremely rare. If you do see a wolf, maintain distance, never approach or feed them, keep dogs leashed, and slowly back away while facing the animal. Wolf Conservation Challenges Despite progress, Oregon's wolves face ongoing challenges. Poaching remains a serious concern, with several suspicious wolf deaths reported in recent years. ODFW and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service have offered rewards for information regarding illegal killings, highlighting the importance of law enforcement in wolf conservation. Habitat fragmentation and human development continue to limit wolf expansion in some areas. Highways, urban growth, and conversion of natural habitats create barriers to wolf movement and establish territories. Public opinion about wolves varies widely across the state, with some communities embracing their return while others remain concerned about impacts on livelihoods and traditional land uses. Looking Forward: The Future of Wolves in Oregon As wolves continue to reestablish across Oregon, their management will evolve. Educational efforts by conservation organizations and state agencies help promote understanding and coexistence strategies. For those interested in hunting land in Oregon, the presence of wolves can actually enhance property value for conservation-minded buyers. Land that supports healthy ecosystems, including predator-prey relationships, offers unique recreational and ecological benefits. The story of wolves in Oregon represents both challenges and opportunities. With thoughtful management and community engagement, wolves can continue to thrive while coexisting with human communities across the state's diverse landscapes. Whether you are a landowner, outdoor enthusiast, or simply someone who appreciates Oregon's natural heritage, the return of the gray wolf marks an important chapter in the ongoing story of wildlife conservation in the Pacific Northwest. REFERENCES: https://www.dfw.state.or.us/Wolves/FAQ.html https://oregonwild.org/resource/gray-wolf/

Oregon wilderness offers a range of experiences for those interested in bear hunting. The American black bear, the only bear species in the state, thrives in various habitats from the coast to the mountains. Hunters often find that bear populations are higher near the coast, where dense forests and abundant food sources create ideal conditions. Oregon's terrain changes a lot from one area to another, creating different challenges for hunters. Coastal regions provide dense forests, while inland areas include meadows and subalpine terrain. Bears move around based on the season, which affects where they are and how they act. Keeping these patterns in mind can help make your hunting trip more successful. Oregon Bear Hunts Through Spring and Fall Bear hunting in Oregon is divided into two main seasons: spring and fall. Each season has its own regulations and offers different opportunities for hunters. Spring Season The spring bear season runs from April 1 to May 31 and is managed through controlled hunts. Hunters must apply for a limited number of tags, with the application deadline typically in early February. During this period, bears are active and feed heavily after hibernation, providing a fantastic hunting experience. Key points for spring: Controlled hunts with limited tags Application deadline: early February Season dates: April 1 – May 31 Bears are active and feeding after hibernation Fall Season The fall bear season is a general statewide hunt, usually from August 1 to December 31. Tags are available over the counter to anyone with a valid hunting license. In some wildlife management units with high bear densities, an additional bear tag may be available. Fall hunting requires understanding bear behavior as they prepare for winter. Key points for fall: General statewide hunt Tags available over the counter Season dates: August 1 – December 31 Additional bear tags in certain units Bears are preparing for hibernation, feeding heavily Best Spots for Bear Hunting in Oregon Oregon has several prime locations for black bear hunting. While bears are more common near the coast, opportunities exist throughout the state. Here are some top regions to consider: Northwest Oregon The coastal forests of Northwest Oregon are known for high bear densities. Areas like the Saddle Mountain, Wilson, and Trask wildlife management units offer dense vegetation and abundant food sources. Bears here often feed on berries, nuts, and insects. The thick forests make this area popular among hunters seeking a rewarding experience. Southwest Oregon In Southwest Oregon, the Umpqua National Forest and the Rogue River area provide excellent hunting opportunities. The terrain includes a mix of forests and clear cuts, where bears forage in the spring for fresh vegetation and in the fall for nuts and acorns. The diverse habitat supports a healthy bear population. Eastern Oregon Eastern Oregon shouldn't be overlooked. Regions like Wallowa and Umatilla Counties offer expansive wilderness areas with less hunting pressure. Bears here inhabit mountainous terrain, offering a challenging hunt. Accessing these areas may require more planning due to the larger territory size and potential gated roads. Practical Tips for a Successful Bear Hunt Understanding Feeding Patterns Finding bears often comes down to understanding their feeding habits. In spring, bears are hungry after hibernation and seek out fresh vegetation. Look for clear-cuts with new growth, berry patches, or meadows with wild onions. In fall, they focus on fattening up for winter, seeking nuts, acorns, and late-season berries. Recognizing Fresh Bear Signs Watch for signs of bear activity. Claw marks on trees, tracks in soft ground, and scat indicate recent presence. Bears follow established trails between feeding and bedding areas. Fresh bear signs means bears are nearby. Choosing the Right Gear Having the right equipment is essential. A rifle chambered in .30-06 or .300 Winchester Magnum provides the stopping power needed. Quality optics like binoculars help spot bears from a distance. Wearing camouflage that matches the environment and using scent control products improve your chances of remaining undetected. Maintaining a Safe Distance Bears are powerful animals, so keeping a safe distance is important. Stay downwind and move quietly to avoid alerting them. If you need to get closer, do so cautiously and be prepared for the bear's reactions. Always have a plan in case the bear becomes aware of your presence. Scouting and Preparation Spend time scouting the area before the hunt. Familiarize yourself with the terrain, access points, and any obstacles like heavy snow or gated roads. Use maps and trail cameras to monitor bear activity over time. Understanding Bear Behavior Learning about bear behavior enhances your hunting strategy. Bears are more active during early morning and late evening. Knowing this helps plan your hunting hours. Be aware of their tendencies during different seasons, like increased movement in spring as they search for food. Safety Precautions Always prioritize safety. Consider hunting with a partner for assistance. Inform someone of your hunting plans, including location and expected return time. Carry a first aid kit and know basic emergency procedures. Bear Hunting Regulations in Oregon Before heading out, familiarize yourself with Oregon's bear hunting regulations. For spring controlled hunts, apply for a tag through a lottery system by the early February deadline. If successful, you will receive a tag valid for the specific unit during the spring season. In fall, bear tags are available over the counter with a valid hunting license. This general season runs from August 1 to December 31. A resident bear tag costs around $16.50, and non-residents pay about $25.50. Prices can change, so check current fees with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW). Oregon requires hunters to report any harvested bears through mandatory reporting. Submit the bear's skull within 10 days for biological sampling. If you harvest a female bear, you may need to submit the reproductive tract to assist with population studies. These measures help the ODFW monitor bear populations. Certain hunting methods are prohibited, like using bait or dogs. Visit the ODFW official website to ensure you are in compliance. Finding Your Own Hunting Land with Whitney Land Company For hunters looking to make the most of Oregon's opportunities, owning private land offers a unique way to enjoy exclusive access. At Whitney Land Company, we help connect hunters with recreational and hunting properties across Oregon. If you are interested in a small plot near prime hunting spots or a larger ranch with a variety of landscapes, we can help you find the right hunting land for sale. With our deep knowledge of Oregon's land market and hunting needs, we provide guidance on zoning laws, land management, and other important details. We offer a variety of properties, from secluded forested areas to open spaces perfect for setting up a base camp. Owning your own land can not only improve your hunting experience, but it can also be a valuable investment. FAQs About Bear Hunting in Oregon Where is the best bear hunting in Oregon? Some of the best spots are in the coastal regions of NW Oregon, like the Saddle Mountain, Wilson, and Trask Units, due to higher bear densities. SW Oregon areas like the Umpqua National Forest and Rogue River are excellent, too. When can you hunt bears in Oregon? Bear hunting seasons are in spring and fall. The spring season runs from April 1 to May 31 and requires a controlled hunt tag. The fall season is from August 1 to December 31, with tags available over the counter. Can you buy a bear tag in Oregon? Yes, you can buy a bear tag. For the fall season, tags are available over the counter with a valid hunting license. For the spring season, you need to apply for a controlled hunt tag before the February deadline. How much is a black bear tag in Oregon? A resident bear tag costs around $16.50, and a non-resident tag is about $25.50. Check the latest prices on the ODFW website, as fees can change. Where are most bears in Oregon? Most bears are found in the western part of the state, especially near the coast where food sources are plentiful. Healthy bear populations exist throughout Oregon, including in the mountainous regions of the northeast. References:  Beer hunting | ODFW Black Bear Seasons—Oregon Hunting | E-Regulations